Author: Werner Heinz

Our member Dr. Werner Heinz has published a paper on the topic of “Baiae and the Symbolism of Ancient Thermal Bath Architecture.” We recommend reading this paper as a prelude to the Frontinus excursion to southern Baden-Württemberg (“Thermentour”) from September 8–11, 2025.

Thermal baths and baths are among the most numerous and diverse structures left behind by the Romans. They can be found in Rome, in the heartland of Italy, and in the provinces, both in public spaces and in private living areas. Some of the massive imperial thermal baths dominate the cityscape of Rome and other ancient cities to this day. It is worthwhile to examine the symbolic significance of this architectural genre.